Author : Ray T. Hardee,Jeffrey L. Piping System Fundamentals Book Review:. Distillation Troubleshooting. Author : Henry Z.
Distillation Troubleshooting Book Review:. Pipe Fitting and Piping Handbook. Pipe Flow. Author : Donald C. Rennels,Hobart M. Pipe Flow Book Review:. Applied Chemical Process Design. Author : F. Engineering Flow and Heat Exchange. Author : Robert L. Troubleshooting Process Operations.
Troubleshooting Process Operations Book Review:. Pipeline Rules of Thumb Handbook. Author : E. Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics. Author : Ron Darby,Raj P. Author : I. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Distillation Operation.
Distillation Operation Book Review:. Fire Service Hydraulics. Author : Robert F. Fire Service Hydraulics Book Review:. Handbook of Hydraulic Resistance. Handbook of Hydraulic Resistance Book Review:. Cryogenic Safety. Author : Thomas J. Cryogenic Safety Book Review:. A sourcebook offering an up-to-date perspective on a variety of topics and using practical, applications-oriented data necessary for the design and evaluation of internal fluid system pressure losses.
It has been prepared for the practicing engineer who understands fluid-flow fundamentals. Statistical Power Analysis is a nontechnical guide to power analysis in research planning that provides users of applied statistics with the tools they need for more effective analysis.
Discussing distillation, this book gives readers guidelines for operation, troubleshooting and control. It offers a compendium of Do's and Don'ts, good practices, and guidelines for trouble-free design; operation and troubleshooting for inlets and outlets; avoiding tray damage; installation; commissioning and startup techniques; and more. Written by the Shale Shaker Committee of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, originally of the American Association of Drilling Engineers, the authors of this book are some of the most well-respected names in the world for drilling.
The first edition, Shale Shakers and Drilling Fluid Systems, was only on shale shakers, a very important piece of machinery on a drilling rig that removes drill cuttings. The original book has been much expanded to include many other aspects of drilling solids control, including chapters on drilling fluids, cut-point curves, mud cleaners, and many other pieces of equipment that were not covered in the original book.
Written by a team of more than 20 of the world's foremost drilling experts, from such companies as Shell, Conoco, Amoco, and BP There has never been a book that pulls together such a vast array of materials and depth of topic coverage in the area of drilling fluids Covers quickly changing technology that updates the drilling engineer on all of the latest equipment, fluids, and techniques.
Product Dimensions: 9. The essential part of the book is the outcome of investigations carried out by the author. The present edition of this Handbook should assist in increasing the quality and efficiency of the design and usage of indutrial power engineering and other constructions and also of the devices and apparatus through which liquids and gases move.
This book describes the current state of the art in cryogenic safety best practice, helping the reader to work with cryogenic systems and materials safely. It brings together information from previous texts, industrial and laboratory safety polices, and recent research papers. Case studies, example problems, and an extensive list of references are included to add to the utility of the text. It describes the unique safety hazards posed by cryogenics in all its guises, including issues associated with the extreme cold of cryogenics, the flammability of some cryogenic fluids, the displacement of oxygen by inert gases boiling off from cryogenic fluids, and the high pressures that can be formed during the volume expansion that occurs when a cryogenic fluid becomes a room temperature gas.
A further chapter considers the challenges arising from the behavior of materials at cryogenic temperatures. Many materials are inappropriate for use in cryogenics and can fail, resulting in hazardous conditions. Despite these hazards, work at cryogenic temperatures can be performed safely. The book also discusses broader safety issues such as hazard analysis, establishment of a safe work culture and lessons learned from cryogenic safety in accelerator labs. This book is designed to be useful to everyone affected by cryogenic hazards regardless of their expertise in cryogenics.
Software tools are a great aid to process engineers, but too much dependence on such tools can often lead to inappropriate and suboptimal designs. Reliance on software is also a hindrance without a firm understanding of the principles underlying its operation, since users are still responsible for devising the design. In Process Engineering.
Skip to content. Cameron Hydraulic Data. Cameron Hydraulic Data Book Review:. Author : Crane Company. Piping System Fundamentals. Author : Ray T. Hardee,Jeffrey L. Piping System Fundamentals Book Review:. Pipe Fitting and Piping Handbook. The car was pushed up from below, not pulled up from above: to prevent the chain buckling, it was enclosed in a conduit. At the bottom of the run, the chains passed around 3. Smaller sprockets at the top guided the chains. Installing lifts to the second level was more of a challenge because a straight track was impossible.
No French company wanted to undertake the work. The deadline for bids was extended but still no French companies put themselves forward, and eventually the contract was given to Otis in July The car was divided into two superimposed compartments, each holding 25 passengers, with the lift operator occupying an exterior platform on the first level.
Motive power was provided by an inclined hydraulic ram Five fixed sheaves were mounted higher up the leg, producing an arrangement similar to a block and tackle but acting in reverse, multiplying the stroke of the piston rather than the force generated. The hydraulic pressure in the driving cylinder was produced by a large open reservoir on the second level. After being exhausted from the cylinder, the water was pumped back up to the reservoir by two pumps in the machinery room at the base of the south leg.
This reservoir also provided power to the lifts to the first level. A pair of 81 m ft hydraulic rams were mounted on the second level, reaching nearly halfway up to the third level.
One lift car was mounted on top of these rams: cables ran from the top of this car up to sheaves on the third level and back down to a second car. Each car only travelled half the distance between the second and third levels and passengers were required to change lifts halfway by means of a short gangway.
The ton cars each held 65 passengers. The main structural work was completed at the end of March and, on 31 March, Eiffel celebrated by leading a group of government officials, accompanied by representatives of the press, to the top of the tower. At pm, Eiffel hoisted a large Tricolour to the accompaniment of a gun salute fired at the first level.
There was still work to be done, particularly on the lifts and facilities, and the tower was not opened to the public until nine days after the opening of the exposition on 6 May; even then, the lifts had not been completed.
The tower was an instant success with the public, and nearly 30, visitors made the 1,step climb to the top before the lifts entered service on 26 May. After dark, the tower was lit by hundreds of gas lamps, and a beacon sent out three beams of red, white and blue light. Two searchlights mounted on a circular rail were used to illuminate various buildings of the exposition.
The daily opening and closing of the exposition were announced by a cannon at the top. On the second level, the French newspaper Le Figaro had an office and a printing press, where a special souvenir edition, Le Figaro de la Tour , was made.
At the top, there was a post office where visitors could send letters and postcards as a memento of their visit. Graffitists were also catered for: sheets of paper were mounted on the walls each day for visitors to record their impressions of the tower.
Gustave Eiffel described some of the responses as vraiment curieuse 'truly curious'. To M Eiffel the Engineer the brave builder of so gigantic and original specimen of modern Engineering from one who has the greatest respect and admiration for all Engineers including the Great Engineer the Bon Dieu, Thomas Edison. Eiffel had a permit for the tower to stand for 20 years. It was to be dismantled in , when its ownership would revert to the City of Paris. The City had planned to tear it down part of the original contest rules for designing a tower was that it should be easy to dismantle but as the tower proved to be valuable for communication purposes, it was allowed to remain after the expiry of the permit.
Eiffel made use of his apartment at the top of the tower to carry out meteorological observations, and also used the tower to perform experiments on the action of air resistance on falling bodies.
For the Exposition Universelle , the lifts in the east and west legs were replaced by lifts running as far as the second level constructed by the French firm Fives-Lille.
These had a compensating mechanism to keep the floor level as the angle of ascent changed at the first level, and were driven by a similar hydraulic mechanism to the Otis lifts, although this was situated at the base of the tower. Hydraulic pressure was provided by pressurised accumulators located near this mechanism. The layout of both first and second levels was modified, with the space available for visitors on the second level. The original lift in the south pillar was removed 13 years later.
Cloud to the Eiffel Tower and back in less than half an hour. Many innovations took place at the Eiffel Tower in the early 20th century. In , FatherTheodor Wulf measured radiant energy at the top and bottom of the tower. He found more at the top than expected, incidentally discovering what are known today as cosmic rays. On 17 November, an improved line transmitter was installed. On two separate but related occasions in , the con artist Victor Lustig 'sold' the tower for scrap metal.
His aircraft became entangled in an aerial belonging to a wireless station. Upon the German occupation of Paris in , the lift cables were cut by the French. The tower was closed to the public during the occupation and the lifts were not repaired until When the Allies were nearing Paris in August , Hitler ordered General Dietrich von Choltitz, the military governor of Paris, to demolish the tower along with the rest of the city.
Von Choltitz disobeyed the order. A fire started in the television transmitter on 3 January , damaging the top of the tower. Repairs took a year, and in , the present radio aerial was added to the top. According to interviews, in , Montreal Mayor Jean Drapeau negotiated a secret agreement with Charles de Gaulle for the tower to be dismantled and temporarily relocated to Montreal to serve as a landmark and tourist attraction during Expo The plan was allegedly vetoed by the company operating the tower out of fear that the French government could refuse permission for the tower to be restored in its original location.
In , the original lifts between the second and third levels were replaced after 97 years in service. These had been closed to the public between November and March because the water in the hydraulic drive tended to freeze. The new cars operate in pairs, with one counterbalancing the other, and perform the journey in one stage, reducing the journey time from eight minutes to less than two minutes.
At the same time, two new emergency staircases were installed, replacing the original spiral staircases. In , the south pillar was fitted with an electrically driven Otis lift to serve the Jules Verne restaurant. The cars were replaced, and a computer system was installed to completely automate the lifts. The motive power was moved from the water hydraulic system to a new electrically driven oil-filled hydraulic system, and the original water hydraulics were retained solely as a counterbalance system.
Robert Moriarty flew a Beechcraft Bonanza under the tower on 31 March Hackett made one of his first bungee jumps from the top of the Eiffel Tower, using a special cord he had helped develop. Hackett was arrested by the police. Facing the Champ de Mars, Devaux used an electric winch between figures to go back up to the second floor. When firemen arrived, he stopped after the sixth jump. For its 'Countdown to the Year ' celebration on 31 December , flashing lights and high-powered searchlights were installed on the tower.
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